Carbon stocks and footprints of smallholder cacao systems in Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi

Cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) is a commodity that plays an important role in supporting economic and social development. However, production can also be major contributor to carbon emissions, which has stimulated various efforts toward sustainable farm management. There remains gap knowledge regarding the links between stocks footprints, serve as indicators of environment “friendliness.” In this study, we investigated footprints two cultivation systems, agroforests monocultural biophysical aspects (biotic abiotic factors) might contribute variability levels. System inventories, soil samples, farmer interviews identified characteristics management practices systems. Results show accumulated more than monocultures, 134.4 Mg C ha −1 104.7 , respectively, while systems had higher agroforests, 1914.4 kg CO 2 e 932.1 ± 251.6 respectively. Canopy cover, tree density, organic were showed significantly positive correlation with stock levels, canopy cover negative footprint These results suggest are climate-friendly due their ability maintain high levels producing low footprints.